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漆 資料・データベース

漆について

日本の漆の歴史は深く
かつては大陸から渡ってきたものと
されてましたが
北海道で世界最古の漆器が出土して以来
縄文時代から
その使用が認められるようになりました。

奈良時代には乾漆仏や
平安時代には蒔絵
中世には茶の湯の銘々皿など
時代を経ながら日本で使われていましたが、
特に江戸〜明治時代にかけては
高貴な人々達のみならず
庶民の生活の中にでも
漆器が息づく時代になりました。

しかし近代化が進み
食や生活スタイルの変化から
漆の器は日々の暮らしから
離れてしまい明治時代の頭には
年間750トン生産量として誇っていた
生漆が今では年間1トンほどまで落ち込んでしまい

こちらでは漆の歴史を中心に、漆器がどの様に日本の生活に関わって来たのか
漆の特性や螺鈿や蒔絵などの漆芸なども合わせて情報をまとめていきたいと考えております。

漆の歴史

日本のウルシとその起源

日本では縄文時代早期末以降にはウルシが生育していたとされていたと考えられています。

しかし日本のウルシは、DNA解析を進めた結果、それは自生していたものではなく、大陸からの渡来して植栽されたものと考えられている。山東省地域がその起源地として有力な候補に挙がるが,その地域での栽培は現在わずかであり,また自生のウルシもわずかしか発見 されていない為、少数の資料(2 個体)に基づいてい為、確かなものとするために更に 広範な解析が必要とされてている。

元々ウルシの天然分布はどこにあって,いつの時代のどの地域で,どの人達 がこの木の特性に気づき,いつ漆利用技法と文化が生まれたのか,そして漆液採取  利用の技術と文化がいつ,どこに,どうやって,どう広まったのか,については未だ解明されて おらず,更なる研究の積み重ねが必要とされている。

原始

神代 旧石器 縄文 弥生 時代

・約12600年前

(縄文時代創造期〜縄文前期)の福井県鳥浜の貝塚から有機遺物、植物遺物、魚介類、漆製品等が出土。土器から魚介類を煮炊きした形跡の鑑定結果が出る。

約9000年前 ・世界最古漆製品の 出土

縄文時代早期前半)北海道函館市南茅部地区の垣ノ島 B 遺跡から出土した漆の装飾品6点の装飾品であると確認された。その漆製品は朱漆であり、既にその時代には生漆に無機水銀もしくはベンガラを混ぜて朱の漆を作られていた事がわかる。

 

・縄文中期の栽培植物の出土、黒曜石、琥珀、漆器、翡翠製大珠、ノウサギやムササビ肉の出土。(青森県三内丸山遺跡)

古代

古墳 飛鳥 奈良 平安 時代

中世

鎌倉 南北朝 室町 戦国 時代

近世

安土桃山 江戸 時代

近代

明治 大正 昭和 平成 時代

これから

令和 時代

図像資料:民俗資料

根来塗 四ツ椀 (室町時代)
漆芸 螺鈿の梅図 (江戸時代)
飛騨春慶塗 銘々皿 (明治時代)

参考文献:参考書籍:民俗資料

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一緒に日本の文化を振り返りませんか?



 

 

日本文化再構研究所は

 

日本文化の”未来”の為に

分類した文化の歴史を通俗化して

多くの人々に分かりやすく知ってもらう事を

目的に活動をしています。

 

その為には一人の力ではとても及ぶことができず

多くの人達のお力添えが必要としており

各分野で情報のご提供と編纂に

協力いただける方を募っています。

 

こちらでは、主に漆について漆器・漆芸 の歴史をまとめるに

あたって情報を集めています。

 

 

この先の真の日本の文化を想う時、

かつての”文化”の成り立ちと”遍歴”を辿り

それが”共有”される事によって

次の時代の在り方が見えてくるのではないでしょうか。

 

こちらのページを拝見された方で、何かしらの形で漆に関わり、Mailまたは

下記 Instaglamからお気軽にDM頂けたら嬉しく思います。

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

現在はまず初めの取り掛かりとして

見立ての歴史のみ簡単に編集をしていますので、

ご参考に頂ければ幸いです。

 

 

 

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